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Philippine literature

Types of prose

Short Story

A prose narrative limited to a certain word limit is defined as a short story. It generally includes descriptions, dialogues, and commentaries. However, one characteristic that distinguishes a short story from the other kinds of prose is the concentration on a compact narrative with detailed character drawing. In general, short stories are believed to have existed decades back, even before the art of writing was known to man. The oldest recorded example of a short story is considered to be the Egyptian tale of “The Two Brothers” dated around 3200 BC.

 

Novel

Similar to a short story, a novel includes uncertain information since it centers on different types and possibilities. However, the length of a novel is highly undecided due to the numerous characters and situations included in it. In short, a novel is a comprehensive narrative on a large scale, in particular. Just like short stories, novels, too, have known to exist ever since literature came into existence. Amongst all the prose kinds, the novel dominates the industry, both in terms of quality and quantity. However, considering its quantity, its only rival is the magazine short story.

 

Fable

A fable is a short allegorical tale emphasizing on a moral or any principle of behavior. The characters of fables are usually animals that portray like human beings, though they keep their animal traits intact. The moral of these fables is highlighted towards the end of the story in the form of a proverb and is generally enacted. The oldest fables describe stories of why crows are black, or why different animals display different characteristics, such as a sly fox, a dignified lion, and so on. The earliest fables came from Greece and India, while the oldest Western fables were those of Aesop.

 

Fairy Tale

Stories of kings, princesses, poor farmers, and queens are not new to any one of us. They are generally guided by supernatural or magical events that fascinate us to get engrossed in them. These short stories are nothing but fairy tales. They are distinguished by generalized characters without being individualized or localized; thus, the names ‘a king’, ‘a queen’, ‘a poor farmer’, and ‘a princess’. Fairy tales begin with misfortunes graduating towards undergoing adventures and solving mysteries, and ending in a happily-ever-after mode, thereby rewarding the virtue. These stories often revolve around charms, magic, disguise, and spells. Hans Christian Andersen (Danish), Basile (Italian), the Grimm Brothers (German), Perrault (French), and Keightley and Croker (English) are known to create some of the most famous collections of fairy tales.

 

TaleA tale is a kind of prose narrative that describes strange and wonderful events in the form of somewhat bare summary. However, the main character is not focused on or given due importance. In fact, the goal or purpose of the tale is highlighted and given front seat rather than the main protagonist himself. For example, in the tale English folk of ‘Jack and the Beanstalk’, the beanstalk and the giant are highlighted instead of Jack’s personality.

SHORT STORY

The Conquest-Ma yank chhaya

Short Story

Early winter breeze strummed the tranquil waters of the Bea's like the harp as the sun set on the western mouth of the river. Alexander's copper-iron armor shimmered leaving a mauve glow on his worried face. Signs of mutiny in his army's rank and file were unmistakable.
After eight years of bloody triumphs through the Tigris, the Nile, the Euphrates, the Oxus, the Jaxartes and now the Beas, Alexander wanted one final conquest. His men though had had enough. The great warrior had decided to make one last attempt next morning to persuade his commanders to march on. He retired to his tent and fell asleep.
Dawn came but did not bring with it the promise of a new day. Alexander reluctantly put on his armor, fastened the buskins, grabbed the helmet in his armpit and stepped out of the tent. His commanders were waiting, not knowing what to expect but expecting something they knew would not be.
"Over half a dozen great rivers, thousands of adversaries who fought as if there was no tomorrow, cold that could freeze the finest of horses and heat that could singe one's conscience did not stop us for eight years. Civilizations will grow out of the footprints left by our horses' hooves. We have left in our wake history's greatest conquests. History will know no warriors like you and imagine a conqueror like me. I am asking you for one final conquest. I appeal to you valorous soldiers to take the final step and conquer the last great stretch," Alexander said pointing east.
"Violence is what happens without your knowledge or consent. I both know of and consent to my death," Calanus said to Alexander.
The last great stretch was a fabled empire controlled by the Nandas north east of the great city of Takshila. "We have heard great stories about their army of 200,000, 20,000 cavalry, 2,000 four-horse chariots and 6,000 elephants. You might see that as an unconquerable force, I see it as a great empire that is ours for the taking," the warrior said.
For a brief while blood rushed through the commanders' veins with the visions of defeating the Nandas. Then came a sense of deep fatigue that had set in their bones after eight years of invasions spread over 25,000 kilometers. Alexander was nothing if not an intuitive thinker. He changed the mood of his address: "Retreating now means humiliating death. Retreating now is turning the vanquished into a formidable foe yet again. Retreating now is ignoble."
The commanders seemed moved but not enough to rise and fight. Alexander stomped back into his tent and surrounded himself with singular gloom for three days. After 72 hours he emerged again to address his men. This time, it was to announce a withdrawal.
"I am a great conqueror because you great warriors are with me. I may slay a few robust men single-handedly but an entire army? Even I cannot. We withdraw in glorious victory," he said. The banks of the Beas shook with loud cheers from the great army. Alexander knew in his heart he was returning with an incomplete victory. "In the end my own men defeated me," Alexander told himself as he plotted his departure by sailing down the Jhelum river.
As Alexander and his exhausted men set sailing, some 50 kilometers downstream a group of naked men sat by the river bank chanting mantras in unison. Each mantra seemed to rise from the core of their being and attain an exalted spiritual harmony. One of the naked men, apparently quite old, was the only one not chanting with the rest. He was their leader in as much as ascetics could ever have one and he had earned his right to pursue silence.
The sight of naked men radiating some strange sounds out of their seemingly closed mouths was too much for Alexander to resist. The sails were brought down, the boats anchored and the ascetics summoned. They did not oblige. Instead their leader said if he wanted to meet Alexander would have to come ashore himself. The idea that men with no possessions, not even clothes, could look so calm and content attracted Alexander to them. Alexander's commanders were offended that naked men could summon history's greatest conqueror.
"Who are you and why are you naked and what are you chanting?" Alexander asked with the finality of someone accustomed to being deferred to.
"You have many questions but no manners?" said the ascetic. Two of Alexander's commanders were about to unsheathe their swords but he stopped them. The ascetic looked at the commanders and said, "Those who are always ready to commit violence are cowardly. We do not fear death, we invite it. We believe life is but a brief interlude before death."
Alexander was struck by the strange aura surrounding the ascetic's weather-beaten face. "Forgive me for being insolent. I am a warrior and manners are not useful in my occupation," he said.
"You call conquering others an occupation? Aren't you struck by the irony of your expression? To answer your questions we are men in search of eternal peace.
We wear elements and so do not need clothes. What we chant is a vehicle to that eternal peace." "Can that peace be sought anywhere?" Alexander asked surprising his commanders not used to hearing him indulge in a pacifist discourse.
"Peace like violence resides within you. You seem to have chosen violence and we peace. Yes, peace can be sought anywhere," the ascetic said.
"If that be indeed so, why don't you join me on my voyage? I don't know what I need but peace might not hurt," Alexander said.
"A peace that hurts is merely thinly disguised violence. Don't be fooled by it. You look like a warrior from a far land. What use do you have for someone like me? I don't even wear clothes," the ascetic said.
"What do I call you? How about Calanus?" Alexander asked.
"You may call me what you desire. It does not change anything. Yes, I will join you," Calanus said.
"You don't know me. You don't know what lies ahead for you and yet you are coming with me. Have you now doubts?" Alexander asked.
"Our needs are few. We have conquered the most important territory for humans to conquer. We have conquered self. We have nothing more to conquer. Wherever we go is our home," Calanus said.
"Wherever we go is our home. I feel the same way. How are you different?" Alexander asked.
"You need an army to create a home for you wherever you go. We need nothing. Not even clothes," Calanus said.
"We have a long journey ahead full of uncertainty. We don't know if we will reach the sea where my ships are being readied. Babylon is calling me," Alexander said.
"We all have long journeys ahead full of uncertainty. You are nothing special in that," Calanus said.
"You would make a great companion," Alexander said.
"So will you," Calanus said.
It took Alexander and his men six months to reach the sea. The great warrior survived a near fatal attack by fierce riverine peoples. An arrow almost punctured his heart perhaps making him realize his own frailty as his entourage reached what is now the Arabian Sea.
Before set sailing, Alexander asked Calanus, "You know there is no turning back for you once we sail. You are an old man. Are you sure you want to leave the familiar for the uncharted?"
The ascetic replied, "I left the familiar for the uncharted the day I was born. Let us sail."

After weeks at sea, Alexander along with Calanus and his men reached the desert coast of Gedrosia . Alexander had not yet given up his dreams on conquering the Nandas. He had strategized in his mind he would bring in more troops and return to India.
However, once in Babylon, Alexander's famous appetites for food and liquor took over. There were frequent banquets. At one such banquet he invited Calanus and his naked ascetics.
As always the banquet was full of wines and dead animals cooked to satisfy Alexander's gargantuan appetite. Weeks of sea journey to Babylon had already prepared Calanus to expect Alexander as the embodiment of the very anti-thesis of what he stood for.
Calanus waited outside the main tent where the feast and merry-making was in progress. The frail, wasted body of Calanus made a stunning contrast with the two robust armed men who stood guard outside the tent. Even in their aloof and authoritarian gait, there was an element of respect for the ascetic.
Calanus looked pale and weak. Nudity compounded by the severe winter and undernourishment had all taken their toll on the ascetic. He was lost in his thoughts about his early life as a renunciate when Alexander came out with a goblet of wine in his hand. "Calanus, why must you wait outside in the cold? You are enlightened but not invincible. You will catch a cold."
"I have come to tell you that my journey has ended. Tomorrow at dawn I shall cease to be." Alexander was perplexed by Calanus' tone. "What do you mean? Have you had a premonition of some kind?" "There is no premonition. It is knowledge. I know because I have decided to do it," Calanus said.
"What have you decided to do?" Alexander asked even as he handed over the goblet to one of the guards. With his hands akimbo the conqueror asked even more forcefully, "What have you decided?"
"Tomorrow at dawn I shall immolate myself," Calanus said. One of the guards dropped the goblet out of shock. Alexander looked at Calanus with a mixture of disbelief, incomprehension and anger.
"Immolate yourself? How? Why? I would not let you," Alexander said.
"You have too many questions. You may control territories but you do not control individuals. It is not for you to let me do anything. I came of my own volition with you," Calanus said.
"I always make the mistake of not remembering that with you I am not a conqueror. What can I do to dissuade you?" Alexander asked.
"Nothing," Calanus said, "So dawn it is. If you are awake come to bid me goodbye. If you are not able to rise early because of your abuse at the feast, goodbye now."
Calanus walked back with the support of his disciples. Alexander stood there transfixed. Rather than rejoining the banquet, he went back to his tent. That night he could not sleep.
The sun had not yet come out when Calanus awoke. He bathed in cold water, while his disciples began piling wood to make a pyre. After his wash Calanus went into deep meditation chanting mantras. Some distance away in his tent Alexander sat up in his bed as if stung by some bad dream. He realized it was already dawn and remembered Calanus' words. He came out of the tent and ordered his commanders and soldiers to get ready in full battle gear. "We shall lead Calanus on his final journey," he declared.
With his joints stiff because of old age and lifelong exposure to the elements, Calanus began walking towards the pyre. Behind him walked his naked disciples, Alexander followed by his commanders and men. Alexander and his commanders knew what lay ahead, his soldiers did not. They were intrigued by Calanus walking towards the burning pyre. Calanus stopped a couple of feet away from an end of the pyre that had still not caught fire. He chanted mantras again and then turned around to address his disciples.
"This is just an end of one phase of my life. You in your wisdom will choose my successor. I am moving on to another level. I was happy throughout my life. I am happy at its end," he said even as he began climbing the pyre.
Alexander, who was pacing up and down nervously, said, "Wait! You claim to believe in non-violence. You would not even kill an insect. What then gives you the right to kill yourself?"
Calanus did not wait to answer. He sat cross-legged on top of the pyre waiting for the flames to consume him.
"What gives you the right to kill yourself?" Alexander asked again as Calanus' disciples signaled him to be silent.
"Violence is what happens without your knowledge or consent. I both know of and consent to my death," Calanus said.
Minutes later there was no trace of Calanus. His disciples began walking away from Alexander. The Greek army men stood frozen not knowing how to react.
Finally, Alexander spoke. "Calanus was of a different world. We celebrate his passage through our world."

Characterization.
1.Alexander
2.Calanus
3. The Riverine peoples
4.Comanders
5.The Ascitic

Setting
Water of the Beas
City of Takshila
 Jhelum river
desert coast of Gedrosia

Conflict
Between Alexander,Calanus and the Ascitic.
The final conquest for peace.

Contras Poem

I am not phone so you cannot text me

I am not  a phone so you cannot press me

I am not a phone so I cannot picture you

I am not a phone so I cannot inform you

I am not a phone so I cannot give you message

I am not a water so you cannot drink me

I am not a water so I cannot take you a bath

I am not a water so you cannot boil me

I am not a water so I cannot give you energy

I am not a water so I cannot take you a bath.

I am not a pen so you cannot write me

I am not a pen so you cannot draw me

I am not a pen so you cannot throw me

I am not a pen so you cannot close me

I am not pen so you cannot put me in your bag.

I am not a book so you cannot scratch me

I am not a book so you cannot make me fan

I am not a book so you sit on me

I am not a book so you cannot read me

I am not a book so I cannot inform you.

I am not a cockroach so you cannot dump me

I am not a cockroach so you cannot kill me

I am not a cock roach so don't be scared

I am not a cockroach so you cannot poison me

I am not a cock roach so  you cannot play me.

 

I am not a computer so you cannot play with me

I am not a computer  so I cannot inform you

I am not a computer so you cannot research on me

I am not a computer so you cannot off me

I am not a computer so you cannot on me.

I am not a hair so you cannot comb me

I am not a hair so you cannot color me

I am not a hair so you cannot cut me

I am not a hair so you cannot make any style on me

I am not a hair so you cannot tie me.

I am not a cloth so you cannot wear me
I am not a cloth so you cannot wash me
I am not a cloth so you cannot iron me
I am not a cloth so you cannot design me
I am not a cloth so I cannot make you comfort.

I am not a flower so you cannot decorate me
I am not a flower so you cannot water me
I am not a flower you cannot cut me
I am not a flower so you cannot plant me
I am not a flower so you cannot buy me.

I am not a magazine so you cannot scratch me
I am not a magazine so you cannot sale me
I am not a magazine so you cannot read me
I am not a magazine so I cannot inform you
I am not a magazine so you cannot buy me.

I am not a door so you cannot push me
I am not a door so you cannot pull me
I am not a door so you cannot lock me
I am not a door so you cannot knock me
I am not a door so you cannot open me.

I am not a fire so I cannot burn you
I am not a fire so you cannot use me to cook
I am not a fire so you cannot blow me
I am not  a fire so you cannot avoid me
I am not  a fire so you cannot kill me.

I am not a shoes so you cannot wear me
I am not a shoes so you cannot brush me
I am not a shoes so you cannot wash me
I am not a shoes so you cannot tie me
I am not a shoes so I cannot cover your feet.

I am not a fish so you cannot fried me
I am not a fish so you cannot sale me
I am not a fish so you cannot eat me
I am not a  fish so you cannot buy me
I am not a fish so you cannot put me on the pond.

I am not a soap so you cannot rub me
I am not a soap so I cannot make your skin smooth
I am not a soap sop I cannot clean your body
I am not a soap so you cannot buy me
I am not a soap so you cannot sale me.

i am not a camera so youn cannot on me
I am not a cmera so you cannot off me
I am not a camera so you cannot shoot me
I am not a camera so you cannot zoom me
I am not a camera so you cannot flash me.

I am not a news so I cannot inform you
I am not a news so you cannot read me
I am not a news so you cannot hear me
I am not a news so you cannot ignored me
I am not a news so you cannot spre4ad me.

I am not a bed so you cannot cover me
 I am not a bed so you cannotsleep on me
I am not a bed so you cannot sit on me
I am not a bed so you cannot jump on me
I am not a bed so you cannot  lay on me.

I am not a tree so I cannot protect you from the sun
I am not a tree so you cannot bark me
I am not a tree so you cannot cut me
I am not a tree so you cannotplant me
I am not a tree so you cannot use me to build your house

I am not a dog so you cannot tie me
I am not a dog so you cannot kick me
I am not a dog so you cannot teach me
I am not a dog so you cannot prison me
I am not a dog so I cannot bite you.

Turn-Around Poem

                                                I used to eat food,

But now I prefer to drink water.

I used to write ball pen,

But now I prefer pencil.

I used to wear long sleeve,

But now I prefer short sleeve,

I used to wear shoes,

But now I prefer slipper.

I used to listen English song,

But now I prefer Tagalong song.

I used to wear black bag,

But now i prefer White bag.

I used to use big note book,

But now I prefer small note book.

I used to come early,

But now I prefer to take a rest first.

I used to sleep early,

But now I prefer study first.

I used to call mobile phone,

But now I prefer telephone.

I used to sing love song

But now I prefer foreign song.

I used to read pocketbook

But now I prefer magazine.

I used to sweep broom

But now I prefer soft broom.

I used to walk fast

But now I prefer slow.

I used to cry loud

But now I prefer silent.

I used to play basketball

but now I prefer volleyball.

I used to draw caribou

But now I prefer cow.

I used to buy shampoo

But now I prefer soap.

I used to sit on the first raw

But now I prefer sit on the last raw.

I used to watch cartoon movie

But now I prefer love story movie.

I used to decorate flower

But now I prefer teddy bear.

I used to read loud

But now I prefer silent.

I used to research in internet

But now if prefer dictionary.

I used to read book

But now I prefer notebook.

I used to write in yellow paper

But now I prefer white paper.

I used to wear pants

But now I prefer short.

I used to eat fried chicken

But now I prefer fried fish.

I used to watch TV

But now love listening radio.

I used to close the door

But now I prefer open.

I used to drink mango juice

But now I prefer Apple juice.

I used to use air condition

But now I prefer electric fan.

I used to play with my father

But now I prefer with my brother.

I used to write red chalk

But now I prefer white chalk.

I used to go early

But now I prefer take a bath first.

I used to speak English

But now I prefer tagalong.

I used to buy rice

But now I prefer cooked rice.

I used to sleep early

But now I prefer watch TV first.

I used to go abroad

but now I prefer stay here in Philippines.

I use to buy accounting book

But now I prefer math book.

I used to eat sweet foods

But now I prefer salty foods.

I used to eat mango

But now I prefer apple.

I used to teach English subject

But now I prefer math subject.

I used to sale my carabao

But now I prefer sale my cow.

I use to answer the math problem

But now I prefer read it first.

I used to enter class early

But now I prefer study first.

I used to sing with my brother 

But now I prefer with my sister.

I used to write my blue ballpen

But now I prefer black ballpen.

I used to watch TV

But now I prefer answer my assignment.

I used to wear black pants

But now I prefer blue pants.

I used to buy polo

But now I prefer T-shirt.

Haiku Poem

  

The sky is so blue

The sun is so warm up high

I love the summer.

I really like toast

It is yummy when it’s hot

Cold I like it most.

Bears are kind to hearts

I like you eat them daily

A then do big farts.

Those who came before

Shall forever be with us

Always remembered.

Children learn from us

Teach them about ancestors

Start a family tree.

Haiku softly sing

And a world picture is formed

A feast for the mind

Poetry and love

Will tell you hurt forever

Or rip it to shreds.

Butterflies are cool

In the big hug, green forest.

They fly up so high.

Moths go flying by

They are very beautiful,

Fluttering around.

Lady bugs are red

And had black spot on their wings,

Expert at flying.

A fat bee sting me,

If hurts very badly but,

I do not cry though.

The bee flies quickly

It turns around and stings me.

Then falls to the ground.

As the wind does blow

Across the tree, I see the

Buds blowing in may.

I walk across sand

And find myself blistering

In the hotshot heat.

Falling it the ground

I watch the leaf settle down

In the bed of brown.

It's cold and- i wait

For someone to shelter me

And take me from here.

The beaches wave hit

Sounding of flooding water

Soothes ache all over.

Silence around us

Our watchful eyes hear the world

Hands do the talking.

To be a leader

One most first dream and act out,

Fulfillment is yours.

The wind is blowing

It is blowing very hard

I don't like the wind.

I love Winnie the pooh

Winnie the pooh loves to cat honey

Bees chase Winnie the pooh.

A broken tree cut

Brings no shade to the weary

Then what good is it?

Rain falls, seeks sprout

Continues life from something

Small but strong, it grows.

Gracefully slither

He sneaks to the net untouched

With one swing he scores.

Slash, push, crush, swipe, skate

Big time effort for four hours

Game ends tied, zero-zero.

Up on the tundra

You have one of two choices

hockey or...mum...hush..

The winter is over

Spring is having hurry good cheer!

I am glad it's here.

I like spring water

It makes me feel good inside

It takes my breath away.

Fall is almost here,

I like the colorful leaves,

Others like the fall too.

Leaves down everywhere

Different colors through the years

Fall is almost here.

Fall is leaves falling

Eating crisp, crunchy apples

A warm fire burning.

Falls is leaves falling

Munching in sweet red apples

A warm fire burning.

Snow falling snow

Blanketing the trees and road

Silence and beauty.

Branches stretching out

To grab the sunset colors

Night is  approaching.

White light shining through

Patterns along the blank wall

Brightening my day.

Whitecaps on the bay

A broken signboard banging

In the April wind.

An old silent pond

A frog jump in to pond,

Splash! Silence again.

Over the wintry

Forest, winds howl in range

With no leaves to blow.

We are but flyspecks

On the window pane of life

The window cleaner.

Chicken or the egg?

No egg, No chicken dummies

It's a no brainier

Like medieval knights

Armor clad, in fields battle

To reap victory.

After summers rain

God's promised is remembered

Glorious rainbow.

People united

Ti secure their liberty

Out of many, one.

Patrick of England

Preserving Erin's blood line

Prove out the serpents.

Fighting for freedom

Fall of all valiant soldier

Resting in the lord.

My sheep hear, my voice

Christ did say, and I know them

And they follow me.

Green grass in April

Birds begin to sing in trees

Children play outside.

Frogs jumping around

Frogs hopping away from shakes

Frog doing cool tricks.

Birds chirping a lot

People singing all the time

Birds are going south.

Birds and bees flying

Soft blades of grass on my feet

New flowers blooming.

.